溫家寶會見兩會中外記者全過程-學習英語好材料﹗

妃子笑

　　2007年 3月
　　溫家寶總理會見中外記者
　　Premier Wen Jiabao’s Press Conference
　　
　　溫家寶：女士們、先生們、同志們，這是我作為本屆政府總理在兩會期間的最後一次記者招待會。這次兩會受到全國人民的廣泛關注，單就互聯網上向總理提的問題已經超過 100萬條，點擊的人數超過2600萬人次。我昨天流覽了一下，有一個線民寫道：總理的心究竟離我們有多近？他在思慮什麼？就在昨天下午，我收到了一個代表轉來的一所小學學生寫給我的信。儘管再忙，我還是用毛筆親筆給孩子們回了信，鼓勵他們茁壯成長。我在網上看到有一個消息，一個政協委員提出關於要建立兒童醫療保險的建議已經四個年頭了。我很注意這件事情，立即寫了批語。我說，關係孩子們健康的事情應該重視，有關部門要認真研究。
　　
　　本屆政府工作走過了四個年頭，它告訴我們，必須懂得一個真理，這就是政府的一切權力都是人民賦予的，一切屬於人民，一切為了人民，一切依人民，一切歸功於人民。必須秉持一種精神，這就是公僕精神。政府工作人員除了當好人民的公僕以外，沒有任何其他權力。必須堅定一個信念，只要解放思想，與時俱進，追求真理，只要堅持改革開放，只要堅持科學發展、和諧發展、和平發展，我們就一定能夠把中國建設成為一個富強、民主、文明、和諧的現代化國家。
　　
　　謝謝大家。
　　
　　Premier: Ladies and Gentlemen, Comrades, this is my last press conference as the premier of this government during the sessions of the National People’s Congress and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. People all over China have followed the two Sessions with keen interest. Over one million questions are posted for me on the internet, which have been read by over 26 million people. Yesterday, I browsed a website and came cross this question: How close does the Premier feel to us in his heart? What is on his mind? Yesterday afternoon, I received a letter written to me by pupils from a primary school forwarded by a deputy. Busy as I was, I wrote a letter back to them with a writing brush, wishing them all the best. I also read a news story on the internet that a CPPCC member has put forward a proposal for four years in a row calling for the establishment of medical insurance for children. I took his proposal very seriously and immediately gave written instructions that we need to handle matters concerning children’s health on a priority basis and that the competent government authorities should take steps to address this issue.
　　
　　It has been four years since this Government took office. These four years have taught us one thing: We must be guided by the fundamental principle that all the power of the government is bestowed on us by the people and that all the power belongs to the people. Everything we do should be for the people; we must rely on the people in all our endeavors, and we owe all our achievements to the people. We must uphold the honorable conduct of public servant. Government officials should be good public servants and serve the people. They do not have any other power. We must remain in the conviction that as long as we free our minds, keep pace with the advance of times, seek truth, continue reform and opening up, pursue scientific, harmonious and peaceful development, we will surely turn China into a prosperous, democratic, culturally-advanced, harmonious and modernized country.
　　
　　Thank you.
　　
　　華爾街日報記者：我有兩個問題。一個問題是現在國際投資者都非常關注中國的股市，您是否認為在過去的兩年，中國的股市上漲或者發展過快、過猛？您是否認為普通的投資者現在承擔著過大的風險？中國政府打算採取什麼樣的措施來給股市降溫，或者說來調控股市？另外一個問題是有關中國的外匯儲備投資的。中國政府提出要建立一個新的投資機構，尋求外匯儲備的多元化。我想問的是，中國新成立的這種機構，它將把投資投向哪些具體的資產？
　　
　　Wall Street Journal: International investors are now very interested in China’s stock market. Do you think the rise of the stock market over the past two years went too far too fast? And the average Chinese investors might be risking too much? What measures is your government considering to further cool down or regulate the stock market? And on another topic related to investment. The government has announced plans for a new agency to manage the diversification of China’s foreign exchange reserves. Can you tell us what kind of assets this agency will invest in?
　　
　　溫家寶：我關注股市的發展，但更關注股票市場的健康發展。去年以來，我們加強了資本市場的基礎性制度建設，特別是成功地推進了股權分置改革，解決了歷史上的遺留問題。我們的目標是建立一個成熟的資本市場。這就需要：第一，提高上市公司的品質；第二，建立一個公開、公正、透明的市場體系；第三，加強資本市場的監管，特別是完善法制。最後，要加強股市資訊的及時披露，使股民增強防範風險的意識。
　　
　　你談到中國的外匯儲備如何使用，這確實是我們面臨的一個大問題。從我國的經歷來看，外匯少的時候，有少的難處。上世紀90年代的時候，我們因缺少外匯，曾經向國際貨幣基金組織借，他們只借給我們八億美元。現在外匯多了，超過一萬億美元了，怎麼把它使用好？這又成為我們一個新的難題。
　　
　　中國實行外匯儲備的多元化，這是基於外匯安全的考慮。我們是要組建一個外匯投資機構，這個機構是超脫於任何部門的，依照國家的法律來經營外匯，有償使用，接受監管，保值增值。
　　
　　中國對外投資時間還短，我們十分缺乏經驗。我最近查了一下資料，現在非金融類的對外投資，截至2006年底，只有733億美元，去年一年新增160億美元。這同發達國家比起來，簡直是微乎其微。
　　
　　我知道你提出的問題，是關注我們成立這個公司開展對外投資會不會影響美元資產。在中國的外匯儲備當中，美元資產占多數，這是個事實。中國購買美元資產是互利的，中國組建外匯投資公司，不會影響美元資產。
　　
　　Premier: I follow closely the development of the stock market, and I particularly hope to see its healthy growth. Since last year, we have strengthened the development of institutional infrastructure for the capital market. In particular, we have successfully introduced the reform of listing non-tradable shares of listed companies, thus resolving an outstanding issue. Our goal is to build a mature capital market. To meet this goal, first, we need to improve the performance of listed companies. Second, we need to develop an open, fair and transparent market system. Third, we need to enhance oversight and regulation of the capital market and especially improve the relevant legal framework. Finally, we should see to it that stock market related information is released on a timely basis and make individual stock investors more aware of investment risks.
　　
　　As to the issue of how to use China’s foreign exchange reserves you have mentioned, this is indeed a big issue we face. From our own experience, we know how difficult it could be when we lacked foreign exchange. In the 1990s, China did not have enough foreign exchange, so we borrowed foreign exchange from the IMF. The IMF only lent us 800 million US dollars. Now our foreign exchange reserves have exceeded one trillion US dollars, and how to make good use of them has become a new issue for us.
　　
　　China practices diversification of its foreign exchange reserves to ensure their security. Yes, we do plan to set up a foreign exchange investment company, and it will not be under any government department. The company will manage the foreign exchange according to law on a paid-use basis. It will be under government oversight and regulation and should preserve and increase the value of the assets.
　　
　　As it has not been long since China began to make investment overseas, we have little experience in this area. I recently looked at the statistics, which show that as of the end of year 2006, China’s overseas investment in the non-financial category was only 73.3 billion US dollars. It increased by 16 billion US dollars last year. Still, it is insignificant in comparison with that of developed countries.
　　
　　I know by raising this question, you may wonder whether the overseas investment to be made by this newly established company will affect US dollar denominated assets. China’s foreign exchange reserves mainly consist of US dollar denominated assets. This is the fact. China’s holding of US dollar denominated assets is mutually beneficial in nature. The setting up of a Chinese foreign exchange investment company will not affect the US dollar denominated assets.
　　
　　人民日報記者：剛才總理介紹了昨天下午給一所小學的小學生寫回信，這是民生問題。民生是本次兩會代表委員最關心的問題，也是政府工作報告的關鍵字。這份樸實的報告在民生方面出臺了許多新政策，也增加了這方面投入。請問總理，如何在制度上保證這些政策和資金真正落到實處、發揮效益，讓百姓得到實惠？
　　
　　People’s Daily: Premier, you just told us that yesterday afternoon you wrote back to primary school pupils. This concerns people’s well-being. People’s well-being is the biggest concern of the deputies to the two Sessions this year, and it is also the focus of the Report on the Work of the Government. In your report, which is down-to-earth in style, a number of policy initiatives for improving the well-being of the people and increased government input for this purpose are proposed. What systemic measures will be adopted to ensure the effective implementation of these policies and use of financial input so that people will benefit from them?
　　
　　溫家寶：我們改革和建設的最終目的是滿足人們日益增長的物質和文化需求，這就需要解決民生問題。民生問題涉及人們的衣食住行，但當前最重要的是促進教育機會的均等，繼續實施積極的就業政策，逐步縮小收入分配的差距，建立覆蓋城鄉的社會保障體系。
　　
　　解決民生問題，要有制度的保障。我們免除農業稅和農業特產稅是立了法的；我們實行免費的九年義務制教育是立了法的；我們將要開始的實行覆蓋城鄉的低保制度也要用法制保障。我們正在擬定城鄉醫藥衛生體制改革方案，最終也要建立制度。有了制度，就不會輕易改變，就不會因為政府的更替和領導人的變化而發生變化。
　　
　　解決民生問題要首先著眼於生活困難群體。因為在中國城鄉，生活困難群體佔有相當大的比重，特別是農民。一個船隊，決定它速度快慢的不是那個航行最快的船隻，而是那個最慢的船隻。如果我們改善了困難群體的生活狀況，也就改善了整個社會的生活狀況。
　　
　　解決民生問題還要讓人民生活得快樂和幸福。這就要保障人民的民主權利，推進社會的公平與正義。記者也許問，什麼叫快樂？我可以借用詩人艾青的一句詩：“去問開化的大地，去問解凍的河流。”
　　
　　Premier: The ultimate goal of our reform and development endeavor is to meet the increasing material and cultural needs of the people. So the well-being of the people needs to be improved. This issue concerns the daily life of the people. The most important thing we should do now is to promote equal opportunity in education, continue the pro-active employment policy, narrow the income gap and build a social security system that covers both urban and rural areas.
　　
　　To improve people’s well-being, we need institutional guarantee. We have legislation on rescinding the agricultural tax and taxes on special agricultural products. We have legislation on nine-year free compulsory education. And we will develop a legal framework for the system of urban and rural basic cost of living allowances to be established. We are drafting a plan to reform the urban and rural medical and health system, and the plan will eventually be institutionalized. Once the institutional arrangements are in place, it will not be easy to change things, and the institutional arrangements will not change simply because of the change of the government or leaders.
　　
　　In addressing issues related to the well-being of the people, the focus of our efforts should be on the disadvantaged groups, because these groups are fairly large, particularly in rural areas. The speed of a flotilla is not determined by the fastest ship, but the slowest one. Unless the well-being of the disadvantaged groups is improved, the well-being of the whole society won’t be improved.
　　
　　To improve the well-being of the people, we should make people feel happy about their life. To do so, we must ensure people’s democratic rights and promote social justice and fairness. You may ask: what do you mean by being happy? Let me quote a line from Ai Qing, a Chinese poet, "Go and ask the thawing land, go and ask the thawing river".

妃子笑

溫家寶會見兩會中外記者(二)

　　日本NHK電視臺記者：我想提兩個問題：第一個是日中關係。現在，日中關係面臨著改善的時機，同時許多問題還沒有得到解決。您認為現在日中關係還有什麼不足？在改善這種關係上需要做什麼？另外一個是日本公民被綁架問題。中國對這個問題，今後能夠發揮什麼樣的作用？
　　
　　NHK: I have two questions. The first one is on Japan-China relations. Japan-China relations now have an opportunity for improvement. On the other hand, many problems remain. What needs to be done to improve these relations? My second question is on the abduction of Japanese nationals. What role can China play regarding this issue?
　　
　　溫家寶：中日兩國是一衣帶水的鄰邦。中國有一句古話：“召遠在修近，閉禍在除怨。”這是管子的話。在中日兩國政府的共同努力下，我們就消除影響兩國關係的政治障礙問題達成了共識，這就促成了安倍首相去年10月訪問中國。中日兩國發展合作關係，世代友好，符合歷史潮流，符合人民願望。雖然現在兩國間還存在許多問題，但是已有一個基石，就是三個政治檔。
　　
　　中日關係的三個政治檔從政治上、法律上和事實上總結了兩國關係的過去，也從長遠和戰略上，規劃了兩國關係的未來。我們要堅持這三個檔的精神，以史為鑒，面向未來。如果說安倍首相去年10月訪問中國是一次“破冰之旅”，我希望4月份我對日本的訪問將成為一次“融冰之旅”。我將和安倍首相就建立中日戰略互惠關係的內涵達成共識，並就建立兩國經濟合作的機制、促進科技教育的交流和人員的往來、特別是青少年的往來進行磋商。我希望中日兩國之間能夠構建長期穩定、健康發展的友好合作格局。
　　
　　至於你提的第二個問題，我們已經多次表示，對於日本公民遭受綁架一事表示同情和理解。但是，這是日本和朝鮮之間的問題。我希望日、朝通過溝通與談判，能夠順利解決這個問題。
　　
　　Premier: China and Japan are close neighbors facing each other across a narrow strip of water. As the ancient Chinese philosopher Kuan-tzu observed: "To win distant friends, one needs, first of all, to have good relations with his neighbors. To avoid adversity, one needs to ease animosity." Thanks to the joint efforts of the Chinese and Japanese Governments, agreement was reached on removing the political obstacle to the growth of China-Japan relations. This led to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to China last October. To promote cooperation between China and Japan and friendship between the two countries from generation to generation is the trend of history and meets the aspiration of our two peoples. It is true that there are still many problems between China and Japan, but there are three political documents between the two countries, and they form the foundation of China-Japan relations.
　　
　　These three political documents settled the previous China-Japan relations on the political, legal and factual basis. They also set the direction for the growth of China-Japan relations from long-term and strategic perspective. We should adhere to these three documents and take history as a mirror to guide the future growth of bilateral relations. If Prime Minister Abe’s visit to China in October last year can be termed as an ice-breaking trip, then I hope my visit to Japan in April will be an ice-thawing journey. I expect to reach agreement with Prime Minister Abe on establishing China-Japan strategic relations of mutual benefit, and I will have talks with him on setting up the economic cooperation mechanism and promoting scientific and educational exchange and mutual visits between the two peoples, especially the young people. I hope China and Japan will work together to ensure the long-term stable and sound growth of a relationship of friendship and cooperation.
　　
　　As to your second question, we have expressed on many occasions China’s sympathy for and understanding of the issue of abduction of Japanese nationals. However, this is an issue between Japan and the DPRK. I hope it can be resolved smoothly through dialogue and negotiation between them.
　　
　　臺灣東森電視臺記者：2007年是兩岸關係的關鍵之年，當然現在兩岸關係是政治冷，但是民間交流非常熱，有越來越多的台商到大陸來。繼開放台商包機和推動臺灣水果進口之後，臺灣民眾現在非常關心大陸居民到臺灣來觀光，請問什麼時候開始正式開放和實施？為了進一步推動兩岸關係，還有哪些具體措施和構想？2008年也是關鍵的一年，在北京有奧運，在臺灣有大選，對於未來的兩岸關係，您的期待和看法是什麼？
　　
　　ETTV (Taiwan): The year 2007 is a crucial year for cross-Straits relations. The political relations across the Taiwan Straits are now cold, but people-to-people exchanges are very active. More and more Taiwan business people are coming to the mainland. Now that chartered flights are opened for Taiwan business people on the mainland and fruits from Taiwan can be sold to the mainland, people in Taiwan are now showing a great interest in the possibility of mainland tourists visiting Taiwan. When will such visits take place? What other steps are you going to take to advance cross-Straits relations? With the upcoming Olympics Games in Beijing and election in Taiwan, the year 2008 is also a crucial year. What is your view on and expectation of the future of cross-Straits relations?
　　
　　溫家寶：這兩年是海峽兩岸關係十分關鍵的時刻。關鍵在哪里？關鍵在於維護台海的和平與穩定。我在政府工作報告裏已經再次重申：我們堅決反對“臺灣法理獨立”等任何形式的分裂活動。我們密切關注著臺灣分裂勢力在“**”的道路上所採取的種種行動和他們分裂的圖謀。我們絕不允許改變臺灣自古以來就是中國領土不可分割的一部分的歷史事實和國際公認的法律地位。
　　
　　我們將牢牢把握海峽兩岸和平發展的主題，繼續貫徹和執行有利於兩岸關係和平發展的各項政策措施。你說得很對，現在台商來大陸發展的越來越多。去年兩岸雙邊貿易額已經達到1000億美元，其中臺灣向內地出口達到800億美元。我們將保護台商以及臺灣同胞在大陸投資、就學、旅遊等各方面的合法利益。我們積極推進全面的、直接的雙向的“三通”。首先要解決兩岸客運包機週末化的問題和兩岸貨運包機便捷化的問題。大陸同胞到臺灣旅遊已經期盼多時了，準備多日了。我們希望早日實現這個願望。海峽兩岸和平發展是大勢所趨，是任何人無法改變的。“沉舟側畔千帆過，病樹前頭萬木春。”
　　
　　Premier: The years 2007 and 2008 will indeed be crucial for cross-Straits relations. Why? Because they are critical to upholding peace and stability across the Taiwan Straits. In my Report on the Work of the Government, I reiterated our firm opposition to all forms of separatist activities, including "de jure Taiwan independence". We are watching closely the attempts the separatist forces in Taiwan are making for "Taiwan independence". We will never allow any change to the history, reality and universally-recognized legal status of Taiwan, that is, it has been an inalienable part of China’s territory since ancient times.
　　
　　 We will make every effort to promote peace and development across the Taiwan Straits and continue to implement policies that are conducive to the peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations. You are right in pointing out that more and more Taiwan business people are coming to the mainland. Last year, the two-way trade reached 100 billion US dollars, 80 billion US dollars of which was Taiwan’s export to the mainland. We are firm in protecting the lawful rights and interests of Taiwan businesses and Taiwan compatriots in making investments, studying and traveling on the mainland. We will actively promote comprehensive, direct and two-way links between the two sides, namely "the three direct links". The first priority is to open chartered passenger flights on weekends on a regular basis and simplify procedures for chartered cargo flights between the two sides. People on the mainland have longed to make tourist visits to Taiwan, and much preparation has been made. We hope that their wish can be realized at an early time. Peace and development across the Taiwan Straits represent the trend of the times. This is a trend no one can reverse, as described in a classical Chinese poem: A thousand sails pass by the wrecked ship; ten thousand saplings shoot up beyond the withered tree.
　　
　　中央電視臺記者：剛才總理說除了做公僕，沒有其他權力。我想這話不僅是對政府工作人員說的，更是對領導幹部說的。我問的問題與此相關，也就是反腐敗的話題。最近陳良宇、鄭筱萸等案件的查處和披露引起很大的反響。我們也聽到了來自觀眾的聲音：一方面大家覺得特別的欣慰，因為加大反腐力度一直是人們所期待的，而另一方面人們很憂慮，為他們看到的腐敗現象憂慮。如何有效地遏制一些行政領域權錢交易的現象？
　　
　　CCTV: You have just said that government officials should work as public servants and do not have any other power. This applies not only to government functionaries, but more to leading officials. My question is about the anti-corruption issue. The investigation and disclosure of cases involving Chen Liangyu and Zheng Xiaoyu have aroused keen public response. We have received a lot of comments from our viewers. On the one hand, people feel relieved because they had hoped stern actions would be taken against corruption. On the other hand, people are disturbed by corruption that they have seen. How can the power-for-money deals in some areas of government administration be effective curbed?
　　
　　溫家寶：應該承認，隨著市場經濟發展，腐敗現象接連不斷地發生，在一些部門和地方還比較嚴重，甚至涉及到許多高級領導人。解決這個問題，首先，要從制度上入手。因為造成腐敗的原因是多方面的，其中最為重要的一點，就是權力過於集中，而又得不到有效的制約和監督。這就需要改革我們的制度。要貫徹我們已經制定的行政許可法，減少審批事項。政府部門掌握了大量的行政資源和審批權力，容易滋生權錢交易、以權謀私、官商勾結的腐敗現象。第二，要推進政治體制改革。減少權力過分集中的現象，加強人民對政府的監督。今後，凡屬審批事項，特別是涉及人民群眾利益的，都要公開、公正和透明。第三，要實行教育和懲治並舉的方針。讓每個幹部和領導者懂得“水能載舟，亦能覆舟”。對於那些貪污腐敗分子，不管發生在哪個領域，涉及到什麼人，不管他職務多高，都要依法嚴肅懲處。
　　
　　Premier: There is no denying that with the development of the market economy, corruption has increased. It is quite serious in some sectors and localities. Some of the cases even involve many high-ranking officials. To solve the problem, we need first to address institutional deficiencies. Corruption is caused by many factors, and the most important factor is excessive concentration of power and the lack of effective checks and oversight. This makes it necessary to reform our system. We must implement the Administrative Permit Law that has been enacted and reduce the number of matters that require government approval. When government departments have excessive administrative resources and power of approval, it will give rise to corruption where public officials trade power for money, abuse power for personal gains, or act in collusion with business people. Second, we must promote reform in the political system. We should work to redress concentration of power and enhance public supervision of the government. All the decisions on administrative approval, particularly those concerning the interests of the general public, must be made in an open, fair and transparent way. Third, we should adopt a two pronged approach of both education and punishment. Every cadre and leading official should know that "while water can carry a boat, it can also overturn it." All corrupt officials, no matter who they are, how senior their positions are and in what fields they have committed corruption, must be brought to justice.
　　
　　法國世界報記者：最近您在《人民日報》發表了一篇文章。您提到社會主義制度和社會主義民主並不是相互排斥的，您同時還說社會主義的初級階段要經歷一百年。請問這是否意味著說，中國在未來的一百年都不需要民主？
　　
　　Le Monde: Recently in an interview you gave to the People’s Daily, you said that socialist system and democratic politics are not mutually exclusive. You also said that an initial stage of socialism will persist for a hundred years. Do you mean by that there will be no democracy in China in the next one hundred years?
　　
　　溫家寶：我這篇文章講述了一個道理：就是社會主義與民主、法制不是相悖離的。民主、法制、自由、人權、平等、博愛等等，這不是資本主義所特有的，這是全世界在漫長的歷史過程中共同形成的文明成果，也是人類共同追求的價值觀。我同時強調，世界上有2000多個民族，200多個國家和地區，他們的社會歷史文化不同，他們的發展水準不同，實現民主的形式和途徑也是不相同的。這種文化的多樣性是不以人們的意志為轉移的。
　　
　　至於你提到社會主義民主是什麼？我可以明確地說，社會主義民主歸根結底是讓人民當家作主，這就需要保障人民的民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理和民主監督的權利；就是要創造一種條件，讓人民監督和批評政府；就是要在平等、公正和自由的環境下，讓每一個人都得到全面的發展；就是要充分發揮人的創造精神和獨立思維的能力；就是要實行依法治國，完善法制，建設法治國家。
　　
　　我們的社會主義建設，包括社會主義民主政治建設，經驗都還不足。我們願意實行開放政策，學習世界上一切先進的文明成果，結合我們自己的實際，走中國式的民主道路。你說我的文章講到社會主義初級階段要經歷100年，是否意味著說100年不要民主，這是你誤解了。我是講社會主義由不成熟到成熟、由不完善到完善、由不發達到比較發達，還需要一個很長的過程。在這個階段中，我們要實現兩大任務，推進兩大改革。兩大任務就是：一是集中精力發展社會生產力；二是推進社會公平與正義，特別是讓正義成為社會主義國家制度的首要價值。兩大改革是：一是推進以市場為取向的經濟體制改革；二是以發展民主政治為目標的政治體制改革。
　　
　　民主制度同任何真理一樣，都要接受實踐的檢驗，任何國家和地區，民主制度的狀況、優劣，都要以實踐為檢驗標準。
　　
　　Premier: In my article, I made the point that socialism and democracy and rule of law are not mutually exclusive. Democracy, legal system, freedom, human rights, equality and fraternity are not something peculiar to capitalism. Rather, they are the common achievements of human civilization made in the long course of history and the common values pursued by entire mankind. I also emphasized in that article that there are over 2,000 ethnic groups in more than 200 countries and regions in the world. As they differ in social condition, history, culture and the level of development, they achieve democracy in different ways and in different forms. Whether one likes it or not, this cultural diversity is a fact.
　　
　　You are actually asking what socialist democracy means. Let me be very clear about it: Socialist democracy, in the final analysis, is to enable the people to govern themselves. This means we need to ensure people’s rights to democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic oversight. It means we need to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the government. It means we need to ensure that everyone enjoys all-round development in an equal, fair and free environment and that people’s creativity and independent thinking are fully released. It also means that we need to run the country according to law, improve the legal system and strengthen the rule of law.
　　
　　We still lack experience in socialist development, including the development of socialist democracy. We will continue to follow the opening-up policy, draw on all the achievements of human civilization, and build Chinese democracy in keeping with China’s particular conditions. You asked that by saying in my article that the primary stage of socialism will last for a hundred years, whether I mean that there will be no democracy in China in the next one hundred years. You have got me wrong. What I mean is that it will take a long time for the immature, unfledged and underdeveloped socialist system to become mature, full-fledged and developed. During this period, we need to achieve two major tasks and forge ahead with two important reforms. The two major tasks are, first, to make concerted efforts to develop social productivity, and second, to promote social fairness and justice. In particular, we should make justice the core value of the socialist system. The two important reforms are, first, to promote market-oriented reform of the economic system, and second, to promote democracy-oriented reform in the political system.
　　
　　Democracy, like any other truth, must be put to the test of practice. Only practice can tell whether the democracy practiced in a country or region is good or not.

妃子笑

溫家寶會見兩會中外記者(三)

香港經濟日報記者：今年是香港回歸祖國十周年。請問總理，對香港回歸十年來的表現，您有什麼樣的評價？我們知道總理一直非常關心香港的情況。請問總理，對香港未來的發展有什麼樣的希望？在今天大會剛剛通過的政府工作報告裏，提到要加快金融體制改革。請問總理，香港作為一個國際金融中心，在我們國家未來的金融體制改革方面可以扮演什麼樣的角色？
　　
　　Hong Kong Economic Times: This year marks the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return. What is your assessment of Hong Kong’s performance in the past 10 years since its return? We know that you care a lot about Hong Kong. What are your expectations of Hong Kong’s future growth? In the Report on the Work of the Government just adopted today, you talked about the need to accelerate the reform of the financial system. Hong Kong is an international financial center. What role do you expect Hong Kong to play in the reform of China’s financial system?
　　
　　溫家寶：香港回歸十年來，確實走過了一條不平凡的道路。這十年來，中央政府堅定不移地貫徹執行“一國兩制”、港人治港、高度自治的方針，堅決按基本法辦事，沒有干預屬於香港特別行政區內部的事務。香港特別行政區政府團結香港市民，戰勝了亞洲金融風暴等一系列的困難，經濟得到穩定、恢復和發展，民生得以改善。
　　
　　香港目前正處在一個重要的發展時期。我一直認為，香港背祖國、面對世界，有著特殊的區位優勢。香港有著世界最自由的經濟，廣泛的國際聯繫，有著較為完備的法制和經濟管理人才的優勢。香港具有的金融中心地位以及航運中心地位、貿易中心地位，是其他地區不可替代的。值此香港回歸十年之際，我請你轉達對香港同胞的問候，我衷心希望香港更加繁榮，更加開放，更加包容，更加和諧。紫荊花盛開了。今年花兒紅，明年花更好！
　　
　　Premier: In the past 10 years since its return, Hong Kong has made significant strides on the road of advance. Over the past 10 years, the Central Government has faithfully observed the principles of "one country, two systems" and "Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy", and acted in strict accordance with the Basic Law. It has not intervened in the administration of the Hong Kong SAR Government. The Hong Kong SAR Government has united the Hong Kong people in overcoming a number of difficulties, including the Asian financial turmoil. As a result, Hong Kong has maintained economic stability, recovery and growth and improved the well-being of its people.
　　
　　Hong Kong is now at a crucial stage of development. It has always been my view that backed by the mainland and facing the world, Hong Kong has a unique geographical advantage. It has the freest economy in the world, extensive links with the rest of the world, a full-fledged legal system and a rich pool of managerial expertise. Hong Kong’s position as a financial center, shipping center and trade center is irreplaceable. On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return, I would like to ask you to convey my warm greetings to our Hong Kong compatriots. I sincerely hope that Hong Kong will become more prosperous, open, inclusive and harmonious. The bauhinia flower is in full bloom. The red bauhinia is beautiful this year, and it will be even more beautiful next year.
　　
　　英國金融時報記者：我的問題是關於中國政府對國內和全球環境保護的政策。為什麼中國政府去年沒有達到降低能耗和減少污染的目標？具體問題是在哪些方面？有預期說到2009年，中國將成為全球最大的溫室氣體排放國。中國將來會不會願意接受國際社會共同確定的溫室氣體排放目標？
　　
　　Financial Times: My question is about Chinese Government’s policies on domestic and global environment protection. Why did the Chinese Government fail to meet its targets for reducing energy consumption and pollution last year? What are the specific reasons? It has been estimated that by 2009, China will become the world’s biggest producer of greenhouse gases. Will China at a certain point in the future accept the greenhouse gas emission target jointly set by the international community?
　　
　　溫家寶：關於我們去年沒有完成降耗減排的目標，我在人代會上已經作了充分說明，就今後採取的措施也提出了八個方面。這裏我想不再重複了。
　　
　　你提的第二個問題，是關於我們對溫室氣體排放的態度。我們贊成《京都議定書》。雖然我們是一個發展中國家，但是我們還是根據關於溫室氣體排放的國際公約，制定了中國應對氣候變化的國家方案。我們提出：從2006年至2010年，單位GDP的能源消耗降低20%。雖然《京都議定書》對於發展中國家並沒有規定必須執行的指標，但是中國政府還是本著對世界負責的態度，認真地履行自己應盡的國際義務。
　　
　　Premier: I gave a full explanation at the NPC session about why we fell short of meeting the targets for reducing energy consumption and pollutant discharge last year and proposed eight measures to address this issue. So I will not repeat them here.
　　
　　Your second question is about our position on greenhouse gas emission. We support the Kyoto Protocol. Although China is still a developing country, we have formulated a national program in response to climate change according to the international convention on greenhouse gas emission. We have set a target for cutting energy consumption per unit of GDP by 20% in the period of 2006 to 2010. Although the Kyoto Protocol has not set obligatory targets for developing countries, the Chinese Government is acting with a sense of responsibility to the world and is earnestly fulfilling its due international obligations.
　　
　　中國新聞社記者：中國經濟增長已經連續四年超過10%，而通脹率低於3%。這在中國和世界上都是少見的。有專家認為，2007年將是中國經濟的一個重要拐點，您對此怎麼看待？中國經濟當前存在的主要問題是什麼？今後還能不能繼續保持高增長、低通脹的發展勢頭？
　　
　　China News Service: China’s growth rate has exceeded 10% while inflation rate has been kept below 3% for four years running. This is rare both in China and the world. Some scholars believe that China’s economy will reach a turning point in 2007. What’s your view? What do you think are the major problems in China’s economy? Will China be able to maintain such a momentum of high growth and low inflation?
　　
　　溫家寶：近些年來，中國經濟保持了平穩較快的發展，但無論是過去、現在還是將來，都不必評功擺好。我的腦子裏充滿了憂患。“名為治平無事，而其實有不測之憂”。中國經濟存在著不穩定、不平衡、不協調、不可持續的結構性問題。所謂不穩定，就是投資增長率過高，信貸投放過多，貨幣流動性過大，外貿和國際收支順差過高。所謂不平衡，就是城鄉之間、地區之間、經濟與社會發展之間不平衡。所謂不協調，就是一二三產業不協調，投資與消費之間不協調，經濟增長過多地依賴於投資和外貿出口。所謂不可持續，就是我們還沒能很好地解決節能降耗問題和生態環境保護問題。這些都是擺在我們面前需要解決的緊迫問題，而且是需要長期努力才能解決的問題。
　　
　　我曾經說過，中國已經連續多年保持平穩較快的增長速度，這個勢頭還能不能繼續保持下去？首先，條件是具備的。最重要的是我們能擁有一個較長時間的國際和平環境，集中力量發展經濟。其次，是我們擁有一個潛力很大的國內市場需求。但是，能不能做好，關鍵在於我們的政策和應對能力。今後我們將繼續推進擴大國內需求，特別是消費需求；推進改革開放，消除體制和機制上的障礙；推進知識和技術的創新，使經濟增長建立在一個堅實的基礎上；推進節能降耗和污染減排，使中國的發展能夠保持可持續性。實現這個任務，雖然十分艱巨，但是我們抱有信心。
　　
　　Premier: China’s economy has maintained fast yet steady growth in recent years. However, this gives no cause for complacency, neither in the past, nor now, or in the future. My mind is focused on the pressing challenges. "A country that appears peaceful and stable may encounter unexpected crises." There are structural problems in China’s economy which cause unsteady, unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development. Unsteady development means overheated investment as well as excessive credit supply and liquidity and surplus in foreign trade and international payments. Unbalanced development means uneven development between urban and rural areas, between different regions and between economic and social development. Uncoordinated development means that there is lack of proper balance between the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors and between investment and consumption. Economic growth is mainly driven by investment and export. Unsustainable development means that we have not done well in saving energy and resources and protecting the environment. All these are pressing problems facing us, which require long-term efforts to resolve.
　　
　　I have said that China’s economy has enjoyed fast yet steady growth for years. Can we sustain this momentum? First, the conditions are there. The most important condition is that we have a fairly long peaceful international environment that enables us to focus on economic development. Second, we have a domestic market with huge potential. However, the key to sustaining the momentum of China’s economic growth lies in our ability to pursue the right policies. We will continue to expand domestic demand, especially consumption. We will press ahead with reform and opening up to remove institutional and structural obstacles and enhance knowledge and technology based innovation. All this will lay down a solid foundation for ensuring economic growth. We will further promote energy and resources saving and reduction of pollutant discharge to make economic growth sustainable. The task is a difficult one, but we are confident that we can accomplish it.

妃子笑

溫家寶會見兩會中外記者(四)

　　德國法蘭克福彙報記者：我想問一個有關達賴喇嘛的問題。達賴喇嘛表示希望到中國來朝聖，但是中方有一些官員稱，達賴喇嘛一直宣揚“西藏獨立”。達賴喇嘛現在已經表明他不尋求“西藏獨立”，但為什麼中國政府仍然視他為一個民族分裂分子？您是否會允許達賴喇嘛在北京奧運會期間來中國朝聖？
　　
　　Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: The Dalai Lama has expressed the hope to come on a pilgrimage to China. But some officials of your government still accuse him of advocating Tibetan independence. Why does the Chinese Government still see the Dalai Lama as a splittist although he says he does not advocate independence any more? Would you welcome the Dalai Lama on a pilgrimage maybe during the Olympic Games in Beijing?
　　
　　溫家寶：我們對達賴喇嘛的政策是明確和一貫的，只要達賴喇嘛承認西藏是中國不可分割的一部分，臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分，放棄分裂活動，那麼我們就可以就他個人的前途問題同他進行接觸和商談，這個大門始終是敞開的。
　　
　　西藏是中國的一個自治區。大家如果還記得的話，1956年西藏自治區籌建的時候，十四世達賴喇嘛是當時的籌委會主任。但是，現在達賴喇嘛在國外組建“西藏流亡政府”，宣揚西藏的“高度自治”，甚至要求中國的軍隊從西藏全部撤出，居住在西藏的漢人和其他民族也要全部遷出，人們不難看出：他是真心希望祖國的統一還是在破壞祖國的統一？對達賴喇嘛，我們不僅要看他說些什麼，更要看他做些什麼。我們希望達賴喇嘛能夠為了祖國的統一、西藏的發展多做有益的事情。
　　
　　Premier: Our policy toward the Dalai Lama is clear and consistent. So long as the Dalai Lama recognizes that Tibet is an inalienable part of China and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China and stops his separatist activities, we can have contact and discussion with him on his future. The door is always open.
　　
　　Tibet is an autonomous region of China. If you still remember, the Fourteenth Dalai Lama was the chairman of the preparatory committee for establishing the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1956. But he later set up a so-called "Tibetan Government in Exile" abroad. He calls for "a high degree of autonomy" in Tibet and even demands that all Chinese troops withdraw from Tibet and that all the Han people and other non-Tibetan ethnic groups in Tibet move out. People will naturally ask: Does the Dalai Lama genuinely hope to see a unified China, or is he bent on undermining China’s unity? We will not only hear what he has to say; more importantly, we will watch what he does. We hope that the Dalai Lama will do something useful for China’s unity and the development of Tibet.
　　
　　美聯社記者：中國在今年進行了反衛星武器的試驗，儘管美國和前蘇聯也進行了這樣的試驗，但他們在最近的20年裏沒有再進行這樣的試驗。這次試驗和中國不斷加強軍事力量這一事實，是否與中國宣導的和平發展相矛盾？
　　
　　Associated Press: China conducted an anti-satellite test this year. Although the United States and the former Soviet Union did the same in the past, they haven’t done so in the last 20 years. Are this test and the fact that China is steadily enhancing its military power consistent with China’s advocacy of peaceful development?
　　
　　溫家寶：中國最近進行的空間試驗，不針對任何國家，沒有威脅任何國家，也不違反有關國際條約。中國主張和平利用太空，反對在太空搞軍備競賽。我願在這裏鄭重重申：中國和平利用太空的立場是不變的。而且我還要呼籲，國際上有關國家應儘早談判簽訂和平利用外空的有關條約。
　　
　　至於說“中國軍費不透明”、“中國的太空試驗同中國和平發展道路相違背”、“中國對世界是不是有威脅”等等，從這次兩會一開始，就不斷地有記者提出這個問題。我想回答你兩點：第一，中國是一個擁有13億人口和960萬平方公里土地的國家，陸地邊界長達2.2萬公里，海洋邊界長達1.8萬公里。我們的軍費，無論從絕對數量還是比例大小，在世界上都是居於後位的。這一點不要說是發達國家了，甚至一些發展中國家都超過我們。第二，近代以來，也就是說從 1840年鴉片戰爭以來，中國就遭到帝國主義列強的侵略和壓迫。我們這個民族深知遭受奴役、侵略帶來的痛苦。我們堅持走和平發展道路是真誠的。我們實行的是防禦性的國防政策。我們有限的軍事力量，也完全是為了維護祖國的安全、獨立和主權。在這個問題上，我們是完全透明的。
　　
　　Premier: The recent test conducted by China in outer space was not directed against any country. It did not pose a threat to anyone, nor did it violate the relevant international treaties. China stands for the peaceful use of outer space and opposes arms race in outer space. I wish to solemnly reiterate here that China’s position on the peaceful use of outer space remains unchanged. I also wish to call on the countries concerned to negotiate and conclude a treaty on the peaceful use of outer space at an early date.
　　
　　It is alleged that China’s military spending lacks transparency, and China’s test in outer space runs counter to the road of peaceful development. And questions have also been raised about whether China poses a threat to the world. In fact, these questions have been raised by reporters since this year’s NPC and CPPCC sessions opened.
　　
　　In answering your question, I wish to make two points: First, China has a population of 1.3 billion. It has a land area of 9.6 million square kilometers, with a 22,000-kilometer-long land boundary and an 18,000-kilometer-long coastline. China’s military expenditure ranks low in both absolute and relative terms compared with other countries. Even some developing countries are ahead of China in ranking, not to mention developed countries. Second, China suffered from aggression and oppression by imperialist powers in its modern history after the Opium War in 1840. We in China know too well what it meant to be subjected to subjugation and aggression. We are therefore sincere in pursuing peaceful development. Our defense policy is defensive in nature. China’s limited military capabilities are solely for upholding China’s security, independence and sovereignty. We are very transparent on this issue.