溫家寶會見兩會中外記者(二)
日本NHK電視臺記者:我想提兩個問題:第一個是日中關係。現在,日中關係面臨著改善的時機,同時許多問題還沒有得到解決。您認為現在日中關係還有什麼不足?在改善這種關係上需要做什麼?另外一個是日本公民被綁架問題。中國對這個問題,今後能夠發揮什麼樣的作用?
NHK: I have two questions. The first one is on Japan-China relations. Japan-China relations now have an opportunity for improvement. On the other hand, many problems remain. What needs to be done to improve these relations? My second question is on the abduction of Japanese nationals. What role can China play regarding this issue?
溫家寶:中日兩國是一衣帶水的鄰邦。中國有一句古話:“召遠在修近,閉禍在除怨。”這是管子的話。在中日兩國政府的共同努力下,我們就消除影響兩國關係的政治障礙問題達成了共識,這就促成了安倍首相去年10月訪問中國。中日兩國發展合作關係,世代友好,符合歷史潮流,符合人民願望。雖然現在兩國間還存在許多問題,但是已有一個基石,就是三個政治檔。
中日關係的三個政治檔從政治上、法律上和事實上總結了兩國關係的過去,也從長遠和戰略上,規劃了兩國關係的未來。我們要堅持這三個檔的精神,以史為鑒,面向未來。如果說安倍首相去年10月訪問中國是一次“破冰之旅”,我希望4月份我對日本的訪問將成為一次“融冰之旅”。我將和安倍首相就建立中日戰略互惠關係的內涵達成共識,並就建立兩國經濟合作的機制、促進科技教育的交流和人員的往來、特別是青少年的往來進行磋商。我希望中日兩國之間能夠構建長期穩定、健康發展的友好合作格局。
至於你提的第二個問題,我們已經多次表示,對於日本公民遭受綁架一事表示同情和理解。但是,這是日本和朝鮮之間的問題。我希望日、朝通過溝通與談判,能夠順利解決這個問題。
Premier: China and Japan are close neighbors facing each other across a narrow strip of water. As the ancient Chinese philosopher Kuan-tzu observed: "To win distant friends, one needs, first of all, to have good relations with his neighbors. To avoid adversity, one needs to ease animosity." Thanks to the joint efforts of the Chinese and Japanese Governments, agreement was reached on removing the political obstacle to the growth of China-Japan relations. This led to Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to China last October. To promote cooperation between China and Japan and friendship between the two countries from generation to generation is the trend of history and meets the aspiration of our two peoples. It is true that there are still many problems between China and Japan, but there are three political documents between the two countries, and they form the foundation of China-Japan relations.
These three political documents settled the previous China-Japan relations on the political, legal and factual basis. They also set the direction for the growth of China-Japan relations from long-term and strategic perspective. We should adhere to these three documents and take history as a mirror to guide the future growth of bilateral relations. If Prime Minister Abe’s visit to China in October last year can be termed as an ice-breaking trip, then I hope my visit to Japan in April will be an ice-thawing journey. I expect to reach agreement with Prime Minister Abe on establishing China-Japan strategic relations of mutual benefit, and I will have talks with him on setting up the economic cooperation mechanism and promoting scientific and educational exchange and mutual visits between the two peoples, especially the young people. I hope China and Japan will work together to ensure the long-term stable and sound growth of a relationship of friendship and cooperation.
As to your second question, we have expressed on many occasions China’s sympathy for and understanding of the issue of abduction of Japanese nationals. However, this is an issue between Japan and the DPRK. I hope it can be resolved smoothly through dialogue and negotiation between them.
臺灣東森電視臺記者:2007年是兩岸關係的關鍵之年,當然現在兩岸關係是政治冷,但是民間交流非常熱,有越來越多的台商到大陸來。繼開放台商包機和推動臺灣水果進口之後,臺灣民眾現在非常關心大陸居民到臺灣來觀光,請問什麼時候開始正式開放和實施?為了進一步推動兩岸關係,還有哪些具體措施和構想?2008年也是關鍵的一年,在北京有奧運,在臺灣有大選,對於未來的兩岸關係,您的期待和看法是什麼?
ETTV (Taiwan): The year 2007 is a crucial year for cross-Straits relations. The political relations across the Taiwan Straits are now cold, but people-to-people exchanges are very active. More and more Taiwan business people are coming to the mainland. Now that chartered flights are opened for Taiwan business people on the mainland and fruits from Taiwan can be sold to the mainland, people in Taiwan are now showing a great interest in the possibility of mainland tourists visiting Taiwan. When will such visits take place? What other steps are you going to take to advance cross-Straits relations? With the upcoming Olympics Games in Beijing and election in Taiwan, the year 2008 is also a crucial year. What is your view on and expectation of the future of cross-Straits relations?
溫家寶:這兩年是海峽兩岸關係十分關鍵的時刻。關鍵在哪里?關鍵在於維護台海的和平與穩定。我在政府工作報告裏已經再次重申:我們堅決反對“臺灣法理獨立”等任何形式的分裂活動。我們密切關注著臺灣分裂勢力在“**”的道路上所採取的種種行動和他們分裂的圖謀。我們絕不允許改變臺灣自古以來就是中國領土不可分割的一部分的歷史事實和國際公認的法律地位。
我們將牢牢把握海峽兩岸和平發展的主題,繼續貫徹和執行有利於兩岸關係和平發展的各項政策措施。你說得很對,現在台商來大陸發展的越來越多。去年兩岸雙邊貿易額已經達到1000億美元,其中臺灣向內地出口達到800億美元。我們將保護台商以及臺灣同胞在大陸投資、就學、旅遊等各方面的合法利益。我們積極推進全面的、直接的雙向的“三通”。首先要解決兩岸客運包機週末化的問題和兩岸貨運包機便捷化的問題。大陸同胞到臺灣旅遊已經期盼多時了,準備多日了。我們希望早日實現這個願望。海峽兩岸和平發展是大勢所趨,是任何人無法改變的。“沉舟側畔千帆過,病樹前頭萬木春。”
Premier: The years 2007 and 2008 will indeed be crucial for cross-Straits relations. Why? Because they are critical to upholding peace and stability across the Taiwan Straits. In my Report on the Work of the Government, I reiterated our firm opposition to all forms of separatist activities, including "de jure Taiwan independence". We are watching closely the attempts the separatist forces in Taiwan are making for "Taiwan independence". We will never allow any change to the history, reality and universally-recognized legal status of Taiwan, that is, it has been an inalienable part of China’s territory since ancient times.
We will make every effort to promote peace and development across the Taiwan Straits and continue to implement policies that are conducive to the peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations. You are right in pointing out that more and more Taiwan business people are coming to the mainland. Last year, the two-way trade reached 100 billion US dollars, 80 billion US dollars of which was Taiwan’s export to the mainland. We are firm in protecting the lawful rights and interests of Taiwan businesses and Taiwan compatriots in making investments, studying and traveling on the mainland. We will actively promote comprehensive, direct and two-way links between the two sides, namely "the three direct links". The first priority is to open chartered passenger flights on weekends on a regular basis and simplify procedures for chartered cargo flights between the two sides. People on the mainland have longed to make tourist visits to Taiwan, and much preparation has been made. We hope that their wish can be realized at an early time. Peace and development across the Taiwan Straits represent the trend of the times. This is a trend no one can reverse, as described in a classical Chinese poem: A thousand sails pass by the wrecked ship; ten thousand saplings shoot up beyond the withered tree.
中央電視臺記者:剛才總理說除了做公僕,沒有其他權力。我想這話不僅是對政府工作人員說的,更是對領導幹部說的。我問的問題與此相關,也就是反腐敗的話題。最近陳良宇、鄭筱萸等案件的查處和披露引起很大的反響。我們也聽到了來自觀眾的聲音:一方面大家覺得特別的欣慰,因為加大反腐力度一直是人們所期待的,而另一方面人們很憂慮,為他們看到的腐敗現象憂慮。如何有效地遏制一些行政領域權錢交易的現象?
CCTV: You have just said that government officials should work as public servants and do not have any other power. This applies not only to government functionaries, but more to leading officials. My question is about the anti-corruption issue. The investigation and disclosure of cases involving Chen Liangyu and Zheng Xiaoyu have aroused keen public response. We have received a lot of comments from our viewers. On the one hand, people feel relieved because they had hoped stern actions would be taken against corruption. On the other hand, people are disturbed by corruption that they have seen. How can the power-for-money deals in some areas of government administration be effective curbed?
溫家寶:應該承認,隨著市場經濟發展,腐敗現象接連不斷地發生,在一些部門和地方還比較嚴重,甚至涉及到許多高級領導人。解決這個問題,首先,要從制度上入手。因為造成腐敗的原因是多方面的,其中最為重要的一點,就是權力過於集中,而又得不到有效的制約和監督。這就需要改革我們的制度。要貫徹我們已經制定的行政許可法,減少審批事項。政府部門掌握了大量的行政資源和審批權力,容易滋生權錢交易、以權謀私、官商勾結的腐敗現象。第二,要推進政治體制改革。減少權力過分集中的現象,加強人民對政府的監督。今後,凡屬審批事項,特別是涉及人民群眾利益的,都要公開、公正和透明。第三,要實行教育和懲治並舉的方針。讓每個幹部和領導者懂得“水能載舟,亦能覆舟”。對於那些貪污腐敗分子,不管發生在哪個領域,涉及到什麼人,不管他職務多高,都要依法嚴肅懲處。
Premier: There is no denying that with the development of the market economy, corruption has increased. It is quite serious in some sectors and localities. Some of the cases even involve many high-ranking officials. To solve the problem, we need first to address institutional deficiencies. Corruption is caused by many factors, and the most important factor is excessive concentration of power and the lack of effective checks and oversight. This makes it necessary to reform our system. We must implement the Administrative Permit Law that has been enacted and reduce the number of matters that require government approval. When government departments have excessive administrative resources and power of approval, it will give rise to corruption where public officials trade power for money, abuse power for personal gains, or act in collusion with business people. Second, we must promote reform in the political system. We should work to redress concentration of power and enhance public supervision of the government. All the decisions on administrative approval, particularly those concerning the interests of the general public, must be made in an open, fair and transparent way. Third, we should adopt a two pronged approach of both education and punishment. Every cadre and leading official should know that "while water can carry a boat, it can also overturn it." All corrupt officials, no matter who they are, how senior their positions are and in what fields they have committed corruption, must be brought to justice.
法國世界報記者:最近您在《人民日報》發表了一篇文章。您提到社會主義制度和社會主義民主並不是相互排斥的,您同時還說社會主義的初級階段要經歷一百年。請問這是否意味著說,中國在未來的一百年都不需要民主?
Le Monde: Recently in an interview you gave to the People’s Daily, you said that socialist system and democratic politics are not mutually exclusive. You also said that an initial stage of socialism will persist for a hundred years. Do you mean by that there will be no democracy in China in the next one hundred years?
溫家寶:我這篇文章講述了一個道理:就是社會主義與民主、法制不是相悖離的。民主、法制、自由、人權、平等、博愛等等,這不是資本主義所特有的,這是全世界在漫長的歷史過程中共同形成的文明成果,也是人類共同追求的價值觀。我同時強調,世界上有2000多個民族,200多個國家和地區,他們的社會歷史文化不同,他們的發展水準不同,實現民主的形式和途徑也是不相同的。這種文化的多樣性是不以人們的意志為轉移的。
至於你提到社會主義民主是什麼?我可以明確地說,社會主義民主歸根結底是讓人民當家作主,這就需要保障人民的民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理和民主監督的權利;就是要創造一種條件,讓人民監督和批評政府;就是要在平等、公正和自由的環境下,讓每一個人都得到全面的發展;就是要充分發揮人的創造精神和獨立思維的能力;就是要實行依法治國,完善法制,建設法治國家。
我們的社會主義建設,包括社會主義民主政治建設,經驗都還不足。我們願意實行開放政策,學習世界上一切先進的文明成果,結合我們自己的實際,走中國式的民主道路。你說我的文章講到社會主義初級階段要經歷100年,是否意味著說100年不要民主,這是你誤解了。我是講社會主義由不成熟到成熟、由不完善到完善、由不發達到比較發達,還需要一個很長的過程。在這個階段中,我們要實現兩大任務,推進兩大改革。兩大任務就是:一是集中精力發展社會生產力;二是推進社會公平與正義,特別是讓正義成為社會主義國家制度的首要價值。兩大改革是:一是推進以市場為取向的經濟體制改革;二是以發展民主政治為目標的政治體制改革。
民主制度同任何真理一樣,都要接受實踐的檢驗,任何國家和地區,民主制度的狀況、優劣,都要以實踐為檢驗標準。
Premier: In my article, I made the point that socialism and democracy and rule of law are not mutually exclusive. Democracy, legal system, freedom, human rights, equality and fraternity are not something peculiar to capitalism. Rather, they are the common achievements of human civilization made in the long course of history and the common values pursued by entire mankind. I also emphasized in that article that there are over 2,000 ethnic groups in more than 200 countries and regions in the world. As they differ in social condition, history, culture and the level of development, they achieve democracy in different ways and in different forms. Whether one likes it or not, this cultural diversity is a fact.
You are actually asking what socialist democracy means. Let me be very clear about it: Socialist democracy, in the final analysis, is to enable the people to govern themselves. This means we need to ensure people’s rights to democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic oversight. It means we need to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the government. It means we need to ensure that everyone enjoys all-round development in an equal, fair and free environment and that people’s creativity and independent thinking are fully released. It also means that we need to run the country according to law, improve the legal system and strengthen the rule of law.
We still lack experience in socialist development, including the development of socialist democracy. We will continue to follow the opening-up policy, draw on all the achievements of human civilization, and build Chinese democracy in keeping with China’s particular conditions. You asked that by saying in my article that the primary stage of socialism will last for a hundred years, whether I mean that there will be no democracy in China in the next one hundred years. You have got me wrong. What I mean is that it will take a long time for the immature, unfledged and underdeveloped socialist system to become mature, full-fledged and developed. During this period, we need to achieve two major tasks and forge ahead with two important reforms. The two major tasks are, first, to make concerted efforts to develop social productivity, and second, to promote social fairness and justice. In particular, we should make justice the core value of the socialist system. The two important reforms are, first, to promote market-oriented reform of the economic system, and second, to promote democracy-oriented reform in the political system.
Democracy, like any other truth, must be put to the test of practice. Only practice can tell whether the democracy practiced in a country or region is good or not. |